Advanced control and on-line process optimization in multilayer structures

The paper demonstrates the place, role and mutual interaction of advanced control algorithms and on-line set-point optimization in process control structures. First, a multilayer control structure resulting from a functional decomposition is briefly presented. The role and selected realizations of advanced control algorithms, in particular mostly applied now model predictive control (MPC) ones, at direct control and supervisory constraint control layers is discussed. Then possible solutions to on-line set-point optimization, depending of disturbance dynamics, are presented: dynamic set-point optimization including involved structures based on temporal decomposition, and steady-state set-point optimization for cases with disturbance dynamics both much slower than and comparable with the process dynamics. For the last case, important in industrial practice, different structures of interaction and even integration of MPC and steady-state optimization are discussed. The topics are illustrated by briefly presented examples, selected from given references. # 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.